In his book, The Audacity of Hope, President Barack Obama addresses the issues that catapulted him to fame and brought hope that he would be a leading presidential candidate. The book is originally his speech in the Illinois state election for the Senate chamber, delivered in 2004 in just 20 minutes. Later in 2006, he published that speech under the title “Audacity of Hope” which has the same themes he touched on in the 2004 campaign speech.
chapter One
The first chapter of the book is dedicated to two American parties, the Democrat and the Republican. In this chapter, Obama is content that Congress is now more partisan than ever before and that these two parties need to overlook differences and show camaraderie and camaraderie. He is not a supporter of the maternity stance of Democrats vs. Republicans, nor does he agree with the old tired Republican or partisan posturing. He expects Democrats to show a sense of cooperation, while adhering to the party’s core tendencies.
Chapter Two
Then in chapter two he turns to the behavior of politicians on the American political and social scene, stating that in the information age, none of the politicians can be exempt from public scrutiny in the event of a blunder. He calls for more adherence to political values in the face of conflict over sheer power. He also objects that the loss of Democratic office comes from internal factions and also from a greater division with the Republicans. He admits that the political scene does not allow politicians to stay true to their values. He finally hopes that the leaders of the two parties will converge in the direction that their outcome will be the benefit of the nation.
Chapter Three
Then, in Chapter 3, Obama reports on the debate over legislation in which legislators are reluctant to make necessary amendments to bring the law up to date with the needs and requirements of the day. Personally, Obama is at the forefront of the idea that while the constitution is the historical phenomenon, we may have a special case whereby this constitution shows flexibility of interpretation. In general, he supports this flexibility, in the face of the needs of a constantly growing world.
Chapter four
Obama in Chapter 4 goes back to the previous discussion on politics and politicians, saying that special interest groups have an influence on them, who look out for their special interest during any political event. Obama declares that in order to address the problem of serving special interest groups and increase the effectiveness of any political system, politicians must be faithful to the morals and values of the party. He then calls on Democrats to appease power-seeking attitudes and parties so they can better serve their electorate.
chapter five
Obama, in Chapter 5, this time focuses on the economy and the US economy in particular and considers its impact in the social, cultural and political domains. According to him, economic inefficiency is the loss of poor and marginalized people, but his own encounters with prominent and wealthy people attest that, ironically, his point of view is also true.
chapter six
Then, he refers to school reform, which has been implemented through empirical research. Religion and Religious Faith is Obama’s next resource in his book, in which he defends the Republican flaunting of religious faith. He gives an account of his path from atheism to faith and that religious faith has strengthened his personal and moral convictions. Obama objects that since Americans are deeply religious, the only way Democrats can win the consent of this people is to remain in a sense of ease for religious faith. He concludes that religious tolerance is the best way for the two sides to have common ground for ideas, not a critical point where they lead a full-blown war.
chapter seven
Race is the dominant theme in Chapter 7. In it, Obama admits that although the institutionalized form of racial discrimination has ended, but with a look at the American social scene, one can notice that a subtle form of discrimination is still present. However, this prejudice does not disappear. stem from fundamentally race-based attitudes, but from the sheer ignorance of their perpetrators. Obama wants all Americans to disagree with any instances of discrimination so that he can uproot this filthy phenomenon from the black life experience.
chapter eight
Chapter 8 of the book is a scene in which Obama organizes the American role in politics and international relations. He affirms that the US defense budget is not in accordance with the new patterns and needs of international relations and that the US must try to assume greater responsibility in the face of the new paradigms that emerge after September 9, 2001. On the issue of the Iraq war, he believes that unilateralism was a mistake. and it has been mishandled by the Republican administration. He admits more multilateral efforts to solve world problems and that the Americans have been unnecessarily complacent about their role and function in world affairs.
chapter nine
The last chapter is Family in which Obama gives an account of his own childhood. Obama argues here that the Republican position on the family by raising personal dogmas within the framework of the law is not faithful to the private aspects of personal life. He finally asserts that to provide a center for children to thrive, families must have an unshakable foundation, and for that, supportive politics and personal responsibility must be dominant among collective attitudes toward the family.